![]() These type of analyses are often associated with artefacts: allele drop-in or drop-out, heterozygote peak imbalance and elevated stutter frequencies 18, resulting in fluctuating results throughout different analyses. ![]() Due to technical variation encountered at low amounts of DNA, use of low template DNA (ltDNA) requires careful interpretation of obtained results. The success of DNA profiling is negatively affected by low amounts of DNA, degradation and/or PCR inhibitors 17. Over the years, an alarming trend has been observed whereby an increased capacity of explosives is used by terrorists, rendering the need of DNA analysis as a principal means of identification in disaster perpetrator identification 16. Increased sensitivity of DNA analysis kits for Short Tandem Repeat (STR) sequences allows for reliable and full DNA profiling of samples with just a few cells. Similarly to FP identification, the probative value of DNA in the legal system is based on the phenomenon of genetic variation between individuals of a population 15. The latter consists mostly of molybdenum disulphide combined with a surfactant 10. Characteristic examples are Black Wet Powder (BWP) and Small Particle Reagent (SPR). The working mechanism is based on an interaction between the fat soluble components in dermal traces and the hydrophobic tails of the reagents. In addition, CA does not interfere with subsequent DNA analysis on post-blast IED fragments 5.Īnother approach is to enhance latent prints by applying wet powder suspensions, which are primarily used on adhesive tape of non-porous surfaces 13, 14. A previous study applied this to bomb cars subjected to deployment of render-safe tools with promising results 12. Wet surfaces can be treated as well, taken into account that these have to be dried first 10, 11. High explosives like trinitrotoluene (TNT) and C-4 release an enormous amount of energy once detonated, which produces three major effects: a shock wave that distances circularly from the point of origin, release of heat up to 5227 \(\)C 8. They are composed of at least five key components: a switch, a power source, an initiator, a container and an explosive charge 3. Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are easy to assemble, homemade explosives, made by unauthorised persons and/or placed in an improvised way 2. The impact of terrorism remains widespread, therefore increased counter-terrorism measures must be maintained or even enhanced. Despite the fall in deaths for the third consecutive year, the number of terrorist incidents in 2017 increased to 282 in Europe, up from 253 in the prior year. The Global Terrorism Index, a measure of the impact of terrorism, describes a decrease in terrorist activity during the last 4 years 1. ![]() This individualising power offers perspectives to enhance forensic investigations of terrorism-related crimes. This research shows that latent fingerprints and touch DNA on improvised explosives can be successfully detected after destructive conditions and possibly be linked to the perpetrators of such crimes. In some cases, despite extremely low amounts of contact DNA detected after deployment of render-safe tools or detonation, full STR profiles could be constituted, even after applying fingerprint development techniques. In a majority of the cases, comparative fingermark- and DNA testing resulted in individualisation. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of neutralisation and explosion on latent fingerprints and touch DNA. Moreover, the plausibility to detect identifiable fingermarks and DNA on components of IEDs is insufficiently known. There is a widespread misconception that destructive conditions like heat, water or pressure destroy all forensic evidence. Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) are weapons of modern times, used by terrorist groups and thereby causing substantial damage to communities. ![]()
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